同一批螺栓，按欧盟默认值算，买家每吨可能多付几百欧元碳成本On EU default values, your buyer may pay hundreds of euros more CBAM cost per tonne of bolts
从 2026 年起，欧盟进口商要为螺钉、螺栓、螺母里的碳排放买 CBAM 证书。工厂拿不出经核查的实际数据，买家就只能按欧盟的高默认值算。我们帮紧固件出口工厂算清两种算法差多少，并把数据整理成欧盟要求的格式，交给核查机构和买家。Since 2026, EU importers must buy CBAM certificates for the emissions embedded in screws, bolts and nuts. Without verified actual data from the factory, they must use the EU's high default values. We help Chinese fastener exporters see the gap and put their data into the format the EU requires, ready for the verifier and the buyer.
我们不是欧盟官方机构，也不是认可核查机构。我们只做数据整理和成本估算。We are not an EU body or an accredited verifier. We prepare data and estimate costs.
| 中国默认值（加价 10% 后）China default value (+10% mark-up) | 7.013 tCO₂/t |
| 示例装置实际值（示例 illustrative，非真实产品数据）Example installation, actual (illustrative, not real product data) | 2.039 tCO₂/t |
| 证书价格（2026 年第三季度）Certificate price (Q3 2026) | €82.32 |
工厂现在面对的三个问题Three problems factories face now
默认值很高Default values are high
中国产螺栓（7318 15）的欧盟默认值是 6.375 tCO₂/吨，2026 年还要再加 10%，2027 年加 20%。欧委会指引里一个虚构示例装置（示例 illustrative，非真实产品数据）算出的实际值是 2.039。The EU default for Chinese bolts (7318 15) is 6.375 tCO₂/t, plus a 10% mark-up in 2026 and 20% in 2027. A fictitious example installation in Commission guidance (illustrative, not real product data) comes in at 2.039.
出处：实施条例 (EU) 2025/2621 附件 I 中国表及引言（附件 I 经 (EU) 2026/1740 替换）；欧委会 Guidance No. 5d 表 4-13（示例）Source: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 Annex I, China table and intro (Annex I as replaced by (EU) 2026/1740); Commission Guidance No. 5d table 4-13 (illustrative)
买家在压价、要数据Buyers are pushing back
欧洲紧固件分销商协会（EFDA）说，部分紧固件因为只能用默认值，进口成本涨了 30%–50%。买家会来要数据，或者把成本压到报价里。The European Fastener Distributor Association (EFDA) reports import costs up 30–50% for some fasteners because only default values can be used. Buyers will ask for data or price the cost in.
出处（第三方，非欧委会数字）：山东省商务厅预警转引 EFDA，2026-04-19；EFDA 成本指南 2026-03Source (third party, not a Commission figure): EFDA via Shandong Commerce Dept., 19 Apr 2026; EFDA guide, Mar 2026
核查机构少，时间紧Few verifiers, little time
实际数据必须经欧盟认可的核查机构核查才能用。截至 2026-11-09，欧盟 24 个国家认可机构里只有 7 个在受理非欧盟申请人的认可申请。EFDA 认为，2026 年进口的货能按时核查完的机会很小。Actual data counts only after verification by an EU-accredited verifier. As of 9 Nov 2026, only 7 of 24 participating national accreditation bodies accept applications from verifiers outside the EU. EFDA expects few 2026 imports to be verified in time.
出处：欧委会 CBAM 核查页「State-of-play CBAM accreditation」PDF（2026-11-09），合计行 24 / 7；EFDA 2026-03（第三方）Source: Commission CBAM verification page, "State-of-play CBAM accreditation" PDF (9 Nov 2026), total row 24 / 7; EFDA, Mar 2026 (third party)
时间线Timeline
早准备的工厂，2027 年的货更有机会用上实际数据。Factories that prepare early have a better chance of actual data counting for 2027 shipments.
- 2026-01-01CBAM 正式期开始CBAM definitive period starts进口超过每年 50 吨的欧盟进口商需要成为授权申报人。EU importers above 50 tonnes a year must be authorised declarants.欧委会 CBAM 正式期页面；50 吨单一质量门槛：条例 (EU) 2023/956 附件 VII（由条例 (EU) 2025/2083 新增）Commission, CBAM definitive regime page; 50-tonne single mass-based threshold: Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Annex VII (added by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083)
- 2026 全年All of 2026工厂按欧盟方法监测排放Factories monitor emissions by the EU method2026 年进口的货对应 2026 年的生产数据。2026 imports rely on 2026 production data.
- 2027-01-01英国 CBAM 开征UK CBAM starts7318 紧固件、7308 钢结构、7326 都在范围内。2027–2028 年英国默认值每个编码一个，不分原产国。7318 fasteners, 7308 structures and 7326 are in scope. For 2027–2028 the UK default value is one per code, regardless of origin.HMRC，GOV.UK CBAM 页面HMRC, GOV.UK CBAM pages
- 2027 年 2 月Feb 2027CBAM 证书开始在中央平台出售CBAM certificates go on sale on the central platform买家开始为 2026 年进口的货花钱。Buyers start paying for 2026 imports.欧委会证书价格页面（引条例 2023/956 第 20 条）Commission, price of CBAM certificates page (citing Regulation 2023/956 Art. 20)
- 2027-09-30首次年度申报和清缴截止First annual declaration and surrender due核查报告必须在这之前出具。Verification reports must be in place before this.条例 (EU) 2023/956 第 6(1)、22(1) 条（经条例 (EU) 2025/2083 修订）Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Art. 6(1) and 22(1) (as amended by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083)
- 2028-01-01欧委会提议扩大到 180 种钢铝下游产品Commission proposes extending CBAM to 180 downstream steel and aluminium products包括机械、五金、汽车零部件等。这还只是提案，没有最终通过。Including machinery, hardware and vehicle parts. Still a proposal, not adopted.欧委会新闻稿 2025-12-17（待核：本次未在欧委会官网重新核到原文）Commission press release, 17 Dec 2025 (to verify: not re-checked on the Commission site this time)
- 2028-05-31英国首次申报和缴款截止First UK return and payment due对应 2027 全年的进口。英国官方税率按季度公布，首期税率尚未公布。Covers all 2027 imports. UK rates are published quarterly; the first rate is not out yet.HMRC CBAM 政策摘要HMRC CBAM policy summary
先算一算你的差距Work out your gap
选产品编码、填出口吨数和钢材来源，就能看到默认值和实际数据两种算法差多少。所有数字都标了出处。计算器下方还有英国 CBAM 2027 默认值试算。Pick your CN code, tonnes and steel source to compare the default and actual-data routes. Every number shows its source. Below the calculator there is a UK CBAM 2027 default-value check.
服务与价格Services and pricing
按产品线收费，价格写在这里。Fixed prices, shown up front.
核查前排放数据包Pre-verification emissions data pack
- 按欧盟强制使用的「运营方排放报告」模板，用你的数据填好草稿（英文）Draft of the EU's mandatory operator's emissions report template, filled with your data (English)
- 中英文监测方案草稿，给核查机构和车间各一份Monitoring plan draft in English and Chinese
- 给钢厂和贸易商的取数函（中英文），列明要哪些前体数据Data request letters to your steel mills and traders (Chinese and English)
- 计算底稿，每个数字都能追到原始单据Calculation workbook, every figure traceable to a source document
- 给买家的一页说明：默认值和实际数据各要付多少One-page note for your buyer: cost on default vs actual data
不包括：核查（由欧盟认可核查机构另行收费）、现场检测、替你在欧盟系统注册。Not included: verification (charged separately by an accredited verifier), on-site testing, registration in EU systems on your behalf.
Supplier data collection in Chinese
- We contact your Chinese supplier in Chinese and explain what CBAM data is needed
- We collect their data into the operator's emissions report template and check it for gaps
- We tell you plainly which suppliers can give verifiable data and which cannot
- We give you a cost estimate on default vs actual data for each supplier
We cannot force a supplier to share data, and we do not verify it. Verification needs an EU-accredited verifier.
免费碳关税成本体检Free CBAM cost check
告诉我们产品编码、对欧出口量和钢材来源。我们回你一页中英文说明：你的产品是否在 CBAM 范围内、按默认值买家大约要付多少、要拿到实际数据还缺什么。不收费，也不需要先签任何东西。Send your CN codes, EU volumes and steel source. We reply with a one-page note in Chinese and English: whether you are in scope, roughly what your buyer pays on default values, and what you still need for actual data. Free, no commitment.
For EU importers of Chinese fasteners
You carry the CBAM obligation. Your Chinese suppliers hold the data. We work in Chinese on your behalf so the data reaches you in the EU template.
The language gap
Many Chinese fastener plants have not read the EU guidance and cannot tell what an operator's emissions report is. We explain it to them in Chinese, in plain terms.
The steel-mill gap
In a fictitious example installation in Commission Guidance 5d (illustrative, not real product data), about nine tenths of a bolt's embedded emissions come from the steel. We help your supplier trace each coil back to the mill and ask for its data.
A straight answer
Some suppliers will never have verifiable data in time. We tell you which ones, so you can plan default-value costs or change suppliers early.
常见问题FAQ
我的产品在 CBAM 范围里吗？Is my product covered?
CN 7318 下的钢铁螺钉、螺栓、螺母、垫圈、铆钉、销都在范围里，部分 7326 钢铁制品也在。铝制紧固件（7616）属于铝类，也在范围里，但这个计算器暂时只算钢铁类。Steel screws, bolts, nuts, washers, rivets and pins under CN 7318 are covered, as are some 7326 articles. Aluminium fasteners (7616) are covered under aluminium; this calculator handles steel only.
谁付钱？工厂要直接交碳关税吗？Who pays? Does the factory pay CBAM?
不用。法律上由欧盟的授权申报人（通常是进口商）买证书、交申报。工厂的义务是提供数据。但成本最终会体现在买家的报价和订单选择上。The EU authorised declarant, usually the importer, buys certificates and files the declaration. The factory supplies data, but the cost shows up in pricing and sourcing decisions.
买家进口少于 50 吨也要吗？What if my buyer imports under 50 tonnes?
每个进口商每年合计不超过 50 吨（钢铁、铝、水泥、化肥合计）可以豁免。注意算的是买家全年从所有供应商的进口量，不是你一家的出口量。An importer under 50 tonnes a year in total (steel, aluminium, cement and fertilisers combined) is exempt. It counts the importer's total from all suppliers, not just yours.
你们能保证用上实际值吗？Can you guarantee actual values will be accepted?
不能。只有欧盟认可核查机构核查通过的数据才算数，而且核查机构现在很紧张。我们能做的是把数据整理到可以交给核查机构的程度，让你不在数据这一环卡住。No. Only data verified by an EU-accredited verifier counts, and verifiers are scarce. We get your data ready for the verifier so it is not the bottleneck.
钢厂不给数据怎么办？What if my steel mill won't share data?
欧盟规则允许本厂用实际值、钢材用默认值的组合，但钢材部分占比大，效果有限。我们会帮你比较不同钢厂和贸易商能否提供数据，作为采购时的参考。EU rules allow actual data for your own process combined with default values for the steel, but steel is most of the total. We help you compare which mills and traders can supply data.
你们是谁？Who are you?
跑跑工作室 Paopao Studio，一个做数据整理的小团队。我们不是欧盟官方，也不是认可核查机构，不提供法律意见。Paopao Studio (跑跑工作室) is a small data-preparation team. We are not an EU body, not an accredited verifier, and not a law firm.