光伏支架、脚手架、钢结构：按欧盟默认值算，买家每吨可能多付约 €400 碳成本PV mounting, scaffolding, steel structures: on EU default values your buyer may pay about €400 more CBAM cost per tonne
钢结构（CN 7308）在欧盟碳关税（CBAM）范围里。2026 年起，欧盟进口商要为这些货里的碳排放买证书；工厂拿不出经核查的实际数据，买家只能按中国默认值 6.035 tCO₂/吨算，2026 年还要再加 10%。我们帮出口工厂算清两种算法差多少，并把数据整理成欧盟要求的格式，交给核查机构和买家。Steel structures (CN 7308) are covered by the EU CBAM. Since 2026, EU importers buy certificates for the emissions in these goods; without verified actual data from the factory they must use the China default of 6.035 tCO₂/t, plus a 10% mark-up in 2026. We help Chinese exporters see the gap and put their data into the EU format, ready for the verifier and the buyer.
我们不是欧盟官方机构，也不是认可核查机构，不做海关归类判断。我们只做数据整理和成本估算。We are not an EU body, not an accredited verifier, and we do not give customs classification advice. We prepare data and estimate costs.
| 中国默认值（加价 10% 后）China default value (+10% mark-up) | 6.639 tCO₂/t |
| 示例实际值（假设，见下注）Example actual value (assumed, see note) | 1.695 tCO₂/t |
| 证书价格（2026 年第三季度）Certificate price (Q3 2026) | €82.32 |
为什么钢结构工厂现在要看Why steel-structure exporters should look now
默认值比你想的高Defaults are higher than you think
中国产 7308 的默认值是 6.035 tCO₂/吨，2026 年加价 10%，2027 年加价 20%，2028 年起加价 30%。7308 下所有子目用的是同一个默认值。The China default for 7308 is 6.035 tCO₂/t, marked up 10% in 2026, 20% in 2027 and 30% from 2028. Every 7308 subheading uses the same default.
出处：欧委会默认值表 2026-08-06；CBAM 问答 4.25Source: Commission default values, 6 Aug 2026; CBAM Q&A 4.25
钢材是大头Steel is most of it
钢结构的隐含排放主要来自外购的型钢、钢板、钢管。要用实际数据，得把每批钢材追到钢厂，拿到钢厂的排放数据；本厂的切割、焊接、热镀锌燃料也要按产品线记录。Most embedded emissions in a steel structure come from purchased sections, plate and tube. Using actual data means tracing each lot back to the mill for its emissions data, and recording your own cutting, welding and galvanising fuel by product line.
依据：欧委会钢铁指引 5d（2026-08-14）；钢铁只计直接排放Basis: Commission Guidance 5d (14 Aug 2026); direct emissions only for steel
核查机构少，时间紧Few verifiers, little time
实际数据必须经欧盟认可的核查机构核查才能用。截至 2026-11-09，欧盟 24 个参与的国家认可机构里只有 7 个在受理非欧盟核查机构的申请。Actual data counts only after verification by an EU-accredited verifier. As of 9 Nov 2026, only 7 of 24 participating national accreditation bodies accept applications from verifiers outside the EU.
出处：欧委会 CBAM 核查进度表 2026-11-09Source: Commission verification state of play, 9 Nov 2026
7308 各子目和对应数值7308 subheadings and their values
下表照抄欧委会默认值表和基准值表。你的产品归入哪一条，请报关行确认；我们不做归类判断。Copied from the Commission default-value and benchmark files. Ask your customs broker to confirm which line your product falls under; we do not classify goods.
| CN | 欧盟 CN 品目描述（中文为我们的意译）EU CN description (Chinese is our translation) | 中国默认值 tCO₂/tChina default tCO₂/t | B 列基准 (C)Column B (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7308 10 00 | 桥梁及桥梁体段Bridges and bridge-sections | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 20 00 | 塔楼及格构杆Towers and lattice masts | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 30 00 | 钢门窗及其框架、门槛Doors, windows, frames and thresholds | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 40 00 | 脚手架、模板、支撑及坑道支柱设备Equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 90 51 | 带隔热芯的双层压型钢板夹芯板Insulated sandwich panels of two ribbed steel sheets | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 90 59 | 其他主要以钢板制成的结构及部件Other structures and parts, mainly of sheet | 6.035 | 1.491 |
| 7308 90 98 | 其他钢结构及部件（未列名）Other structures and parts of iron or steel, n.e.s. | 6.035 | 1.491 |
出处：欧委会默认值表 v2（2026-08-06，依据实施条例 2026/1740），中国表只在 4 位编码 7308 给值（直接排放 6.035，路线 C）；基准值表（2026-02-06 版，依据 2025/2620）7 个子目 A 列均为 0.112，B 列 (C) 1.491 / (D) 0.567 / (E) 0.141。Sources: Commission default values v2 (6 Aug 2026, Implementing Regulation 2026/1740), China value given only at 4-digit 7308 (direct 6.035, route C); benchmark file (6 Feb 2026, Regulation 2025/2620): column A 0.112 and column B (C) 1.491 / (D) 0.567 / (E) 0.141 for all 7 subheadings.
时间线Timeline
- 2026-01-01CBAM 正式期开始CBAM definitive period starts进口超过每年 50 吨的欧盟进口商需要成为授权申报人。EU importers above 50 tonnes a year must be authorised declarants.欧委会 CBAM 正式期页面Commission, CBAM definitive regime page
- 2027 年 2 月Feb 2027CBAM 证书开始出售CBAM certificates go on sale买家开始为 2026 年进口的货花钱。Buyers start paying for 2026 imports.欧委会证书价格页面Commission, price of CBAM certificates page
- 2027-09-30首次年度申报和清缴截止First annual declaration and surrender due核查报告必须在这之前出具。Verification reports must be in place before this.EUR-Lex CBAM 法规摘要EUR-Lex CBAM summary
- 2028-01-01默认值加价升到 30%Default mark-up rises to 30%2026 年 10%、2027 年 20%、2028 年起 30%。10% in 2026, 20% in 2027, 30% from 2028.欧委会 CBAM 问答 4.25Commission CBAM Q&A 4.25
先算一算你的差距Work out your gap
计算器已预选 7308 90 98。7308 没有欧委会官方示例工厂，所以不填实际排放强度时只显示默认值成本；点「7308 教学示例」可看上面那组假设数字的算法。The calculator opens on 7308 90 98. There is no Commission worked-example plant for 7308, so without your actual emissions it shows the default-value cost only; the “7308 teaching example” button reproduces the assumed figures above.
服务与价格Services and pricing
按产品线收费，价格写在这里。Fixed prices, shown up front.
核查前排放数据包Pre-verification emissions data pack
- 按欧盟强制使用的「运营方排放报告」模板，用你的数据填好草稿（英文）Draft of the EU mandatory operator’s emissions report template, filled with your data (English)
- 中英文监测方案草稿：型钢/钢板/钢管投料、切割焊接、热镀锌燃料怎么记Monitoring plan draft in English and Chinese: steel input, cutting and welding, galvanising fuel
- 给钢厂和贸易商的取数函（中英文），列明要哪些前体数据Data request letters to your mills and traders (Chinese and English)
- 计算底稿，每个数字都能追到原始单据Calculation workbook, every figure traceable to a source document
- 给买家的一页说明：默认值和实际数据各要付多少One-page note for your buyer: cost on default vs actual data
不包括：核查（由欧盟认可核查机构另行收费）、海关归类意见、现场检测、替你在欧盟系统注册。Not included: verification (charged separately by an accredited verifier), customs classification advice, on-site testing, registration in EU systems on your behalf.
Supplier data collection in Chinese
- We contact your Chinese mounting, scaffolding or steelwork supplier in Chinese and explain what CBAM data is needed
- We collect their data into the operator’s emissions report template and check it for gaps
- We tell you plainly which suppliers can give verifiable data and which cannot
- We give you a cost estimate on default vs actual data for each supplier
We cannot force a supplier to share data, we do not verify it, and we do not advise on customs classification.
免费 CBAM 体检Free CBAM cost check
告诉我们产品（光伏支架、脚手架、钢构件等）、报关行给的 CN 编码、对欧出口量和钢材来源。我们回你一页中英文说明：按默认值买家大约要付多少、要用实际数据还缺什么。不收费，也不需要先签任何东西。Tell us the product (PV mounting, scaffolding, steelwork…), the CN code your broker uses, EU volumes and steel source. We reply with a one-page note in Chinese and English: roughly what your buyer pays on default values and what you still need for actual data. Free, no commitment.
For EU buyers of Chinese PV mounting, scaffolding and steelwork
You carry the CBAM obligation. Your Chinese suppliers hold the data. We work in Chinese on your behalf so the data reaches you in the EU template.
The cost is material
On default values, 7308 goods from China cost about €427 per tonne in certificates for 2026 imports at the Q3 2026 price, and about €480 for 2027 (default path, our calculation from Commission values).
The steel-mill gap
Most of a structure’s embedded emissions sit in the purchased sections and plate. We help your supplier trace each lot back to the mill and ask for its data.
A straight answer
Some suppliers will not have verifiable data in time. We tell you which ones, so you can budget default-value costs or re-source early.
常见问题FAQ
7308 在 CBAM 范围里吗？Is 7308 covered?
在。CBAM 法规（EU）2023/956 附件 I 的钢铁类列有 7308。产品是否申报在 7308 下，请报关行确认。铝制支架（如 7610）属于铝类，也在范围里，但这个计算器暂时只算钢铁类。Yes. Heading 7308 is listed under iron and steel in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956. Whether your product is declared under 7308 is for your customs broker to confirm. Aluminium structures (such as 7610) fall under aluminium and are also covered; this calculator handles steel only.
我的光伏支架应该报哪个编码？Which code should my PV mounting be declared under?
请报关行确认。归类由报关行和海关根据产品实际情况认定，我们不提供归类意见。Please ask your customs broker. Classification is decided by your broker and customs on the facts of the product; we do not give classification advice.
谁付钱？工厂要直接交碳关税吗？Who pays? Does the factory pay CBAM?
法律上由欧盟的授权申报人（通常是进口商）买证书、交申报。工厂的义务是提供数据，但成本会体现在买家的报价和订单选择上。The EU authorised declarant, usually the importer, buys certificates and files the declaration. The factory supplies data, but the cost shows up in pricing and sourcing decisions.
买家进口少于 50 吨也要吗？What if my buyer imports under 50 tonnes?
每个进口商每年合计不超过 50 吨（钢铁、铝、水泥、化肥合计）可以豁免。算的是买家全年从所有供应商的进口量。光伏电站、脚手架的单个项目常常就超过 50 吨。An importer under 50 tonnes a year in total (steel, aluminium, cement and fertilisers combined) is exempt. It counts the importer’s total from all suppliers; a single PV or scaffolding project often exceeds that.
热镀锌的锌要算吗？Does the zinc coating count?
钢铁类只计直接排放。镀锌炉烧的天然气等燃料属于本厂直接排放，要按产品线记录；具体怎么处理以核查机构意见为准。For steel only direct emissions count. Fuel burned in your galvanising furnace is a direct emission at your plant and must be recorded by product line; the verifier has the final say on treatment.
你们能保证用上实际值吗？Can you guarantee actual values will be accepted?
不能。只有欧盟认可核查机构核查通过的数据才算数。我们能做的是把数据整理到可以交给核查机构的程度。No. Only data verified by an EU-accredited verifier counts. We get your data ready for the verifier.
你们是谁？Who are you?
跑跑工作室 Paopao Studio，一个做数据整理的小团队。我们不是欧盟官方，也不是认可核查机构，不提供法律或海关归类意见。Paopao Studio (跑跑工作室) is a small data-preparation team. We are not an EU body, not an accredited verifier, and do not give legal or customs classification advice.